2/25/2024 0 Comments Hollingworth definition of giftedThe second was to create a curriculum of benefit to them. The first was to understand their family backgrounds, psychological makeup, and physical, social, and temperamental traits. Her first experiment with the gifted began in 1922 with a group of 50 seven- to nine-year-olds with IQs over 155. She developed a method that focused on early identification of their giftedness, everyday contact, and not isolating them from other children. Leta Hollingworth believed their needs were not, in fact, being adequately met. The view in education at the time was that bright children could take care of themselves. Leta Hollingworth believed educational and environmental factors, not just inheritance, played a role in giftedness and focused on how to nurture giftedness and educate gifted children. Her books The Psychology of Subnormal Children (1920), Special Talents and Defects (1923), and The Psychology of the Adolescent (1928) became leading textbooks, this last replacing a book by G. It is for her work with the "gifted" (a term she coined) that Leta Hollingworth is best known, although she worked initially with the "mentally defective" and came to believe many were of average intelligence but suffered from problems of adjustment. In addition to her teaching responsibilities at Columbia, Hollingworth also began focusing on the study of exceptional children. Impressed with her work, Thorndike offered her a position at Columbia Teachers College after she received her Ph.D. Hollingworth concluded there was no empirical evidence linking decreased performance with phases of the menstrual cycle. Under Thorndike, Hollingworth completed her dissertation on the subject of women's supposed mental incapacity during menstruation, a belief called, at the time, "functional periodicity." She conducted a scientific experiment testing both women's and men's performance on various cognitive, perceptual, and motor tasks every day for three months. She found that while males were slightly larger than females, if a difference in variability existed, it actually favored females. Tackling the issue of anatomical variability directly, she collected ten anatomical and seven cranial measurements for 1,000 male and 1,000 female infants at the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. Hollingworth believed societal roles accounted for the differences, not innate differences. At the Clearinghouse for Mental Defectives she noted that even though a sex difference existed in absolute numbers of institutionalized males and females, the ratio of male to female admissions decreased as a function of age. Hollingworth set out to prove that the extremes were culturally-based and not based on male genetic superiority. The variability hypothesis posited that men exhibit greater variation than women on both physical and psychological traits, in essence suggesting that men occupied both the highest and lowest ends of the spectrum on any trait and women were doomed to mediocrity. Thorndike, a supporter of the variability hypothesis. Hollingworth went on to study educational psychology under E. As the top scorer, she became New York City's first civil service psychologist and filled a post at Bellevue Hospital as chief of the psychological lab. She received a Master's degree in education in 1913 and, in 1914, got a job administering Binet intelligence tests at the Clearing House for Mental Defectives. With the encouragement of her husband, and with some extra money the couple earned by running a study for the Coca-Cola company on the psychological effects of caffeine, Leta enrolled at Columbia University in 1911, taking courses in education and sociology. Since married women were prevented from teaching, she settled down as a homemaker for three years but became bored and frustrated. A graduate student of James McKeen Cattell at Columbia University, Harry persuaded Leta to move to New York where she tried obtaining work as a teacher. She married Harry Levi Hollingworth whom she had been dating since her sophomore year in college. As a matter of practicality, she obtained a teaching certificate in addition to her degree in literature. Educated in a one-room school, she received what she later spoke of as an excellent individualized education.Īt the age of 15 she began studying literature and writing at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln. Leta and her sisters were raised by their grandparents until the age of twelve, and then lived with their wandering father who had since remarried. ![]() Her mother died shortly after giving birth to her third daughter. Leta Stetter Hollingworth was born on in Chadron, Nebraska.
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